Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

22 May 2022

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

6 Dec 2017

At @uhmanoa Manoa Fall 1988, age 33, after *Philosophy of Economics* had been confirmed for publication finally, a struggle of eight years of writing comes to end -- only for a new struggle of decades to soon begin in its, and my own, defence....
independentindian.com/2009/04/22/apr…

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

1h

Earth Unveiled

@Mrdimasta420

Oct 24

This isn’t a lure. It’s a counterfeit. And the thing it’s lying to has been falling for the same trick for roughly 400 million years.

Read that again, because it is the entire story: a brain smaller than your thumb, honed by half a billion years of predator-prey warfare, can be painted plastic and a few grams of steel.

Not because the fish is stupid. Because it is brilliant at exactly one thing, and that brilliance has a back door.

What follows is the most complete breakdown I can write of why oversized lures, oversized hooks and oversized nerves produce some of the most addictive moments in the outdoors. Engineering, neuroscience, physics, psychology, and the strange economics of a hobby that quietly moves billions of dollars a year.

Save this. You will want to come back to it. Let’s go.

PART 1. THE CALORIE ACCOUNTANT IN THE WATER

Every large predator is, at its core, an accountant.

Biologists have a name for it: optimal foraging theory. The idea, formalized in the 1960s by ecologists like Robert MacArthur and Eric Pianka, is brutally simple. An animal that burns more energy chasing food than the food returns is an animal that is already dying. Evolution deletes it.

So a big predatory fish does not hunt for fun. It hunts like a trader running a spreadsheet it can’t see: how many calories will this cost me, how many will I get back, and what is the chance I fail?

Now watch what that does to its decisions.

A minnow is cheap to catch and gives almost nothing back. It is a rounding error. A big fish will eat minnows if they drift by, but it will not build its day around them.

A fat, slow, injured, oversized meal, though? That is a jackpot. High return, low pursuit cost, low risk. The accountant stops everything.

Here is the part that matters for everything else in this post: a counterfeit does not need to look like a real animal. It only needs to look like a good trade.

Size says “calories.” Wobble says “injured.” Flash says “bait fish in trouble.” Bulk says “one bite and I’m done for the day.”

Three signals. That’s the whole con.

And the con works best on the very animals that look hardest to fool, because the biggest fish in any body of water got big by being efficient. Efficiency is the vulnerability. They are the most ruthless accountants in the lake, which means they are the most reliably drawn to a bargain that is too good to be true.

Hold that thought. It gets stranger.

PART 2. THE SENSOR ARRAY YOU DON’T KNOW THEY HAVE

A fish does not see your lure the way you do. It perceives it with at least four systems running at once, and the lure is designed to attack all of them.

SYSTEM ONE: The lateral line.

Run your eyes along the side of almost any fish and you may spot a faint line from gill to tail. That’s not decoration. It is a chain of tiny sensory organs called neuromasts, each topped with microscopic hair-like cells inside a gel cap. When water moves, the hairs bend, and the fish feels it.

Think of it as a sense that sits somewhere between touch and hearing. It lets a fish detect the pressure waves of another animal moving nearby, even in muddy water, even at night, even with its eyes useless.

The range is short, roughly a couple of body lengths. But inside that zone, the fish is reading your lure’s vibration like a fingerprint. Rhythm. Frequency. Thump. A real wounded baitfish has an irregular, panicked signature. A well-designed lure fakes that signature on purpose.

SYSTEM TWO: Hearing.

Fish have inner ears with dense stones called otoliths, and many species couple their swim bladder to the ear, turning an internal air pocket into a drum. Sound travels about four times faster in water than in air, and a fish can pick up low-frequency vibration from far beyond lateral line range.

This is why some lures rattle, click, knock, or throb. Not to be heard by you. To be heard by something fifty feet away that you will never see.

SYSTEM THREE: Vision.

Fish eyes are built for water. Many predators have excellent contrast detection and color vision, and they lock onto silhouettes against the surface or the bottom.

Color is a bigger puzzle than tackle companies admit. Water filters light brutally: reds fade first, then oranges and yellows, until deep water is a world of blue and green. That is why a lot of lure design is about contrast and visibility rather than realism, and why bright chartreuse, that electric yellow-green, has been a favorite for generations in tinted or stained water. In low light and murky conditions it stays visible when subtler colors vanish.

And then there’s the red.

Look closely at lots of serious predator baits and you’ll see a small red patch near the head, mimicking exposed gills. Anglers call it a red-gill or “bleeding” cue. Does it trigger strikes? The honest answer is that it’s partly lore and partly plausible. Red can read as an injury, an injured animal is an easy meal, and easy meals are the accountant’s favorite thing. But I’d be lying if I told you a clean double-blind study has settled it. Treat it as a design tradition that survived because enough anglers believe it, and sometimes belief is the product.

SYSTEM FOUR: Smell and taste.

Plastic can be scented, but for aggressive reaction strikes, smell is secondary. The attack happens too fast. Which brings us to the most violent part of this whole story.

PART 3. THE VACUUM CANNON

Most people imagine a predatory fish biting. That is not what happens.

Many big predators, including bass, are suction feeders. In a fraction of a second the fish flares its gill covers and drops the floor of its mouth, and the volume inside its head expands explosively. Water rushes in to fill the void. Whatever is in that water comes with it.

It is closer to a vacuum cannon than a bite. In high-speed footage, the whole event can finish in about a tenth of a second or less. Faster than a human blink.

Think about what that does to the odds. The fish does not “inspect” the target. It commits. It fires. If the target is real, dinner. If the target is fake, the fish is now holding steel in its mouth before the accountant in its brain can file an objection.

That’s why the hook is not a detail. The hook is the entire second half of the con.

Here’s what hook design actually has to solve, and why it looks absurd to outsiders:

Gap. The hook’s opening has to be wide enough to clear the lure body and still reach flesh. A huge, bulky lure hides a small hook. A huge lure demands a huge gap.

Penetration. A big fish has a mouth that is part bone, part cartilage, part leather. A needle point will skate off. The hook needs a strong, sharp point and a geometry that drives in under load.

Strength. Heavy-gauge wire resists straightening. A cheap hook opens up under the first real surge, and the fish swims away with a souvenir and a story.

Placement. The hook must sit where the fish will actually close its mouth. Positioning is half the battle.

So when you see a hook that looks like something you’d hang a side of beef on, remember the physics. That scale is not showing off. That scale is a response to a mouth that can generate suction, a head that can shake like a dog with a rope, and loads that can spike far above the fish’s static weight.

And a good setup often adds a second point of contact, a trailer or an extended hook on a wire or a line, because a fish that grabs the tail of a big bait is a fish you’ll miss with a single hook near the head. Strike zone coverage is geometry, not luck.

Strikes aren’t always about hunger. Sometimes they’re about territory. Sometimes they’re about irritation. A male guarding a nest has no interest in eating. He is removing a threat. Anglers call these reaction strikes, and big, loud, intrusive baits are built to provoke exactly that. Sometimes the best lure is an insult.

PART 4. THE BIG-BAIT PARADOX

Here is a rule most newcomers get exactly backwards.

They believe: small bait catches more fish.

True. Small bait absolutely catches more fish.

But big bait catches bigger fish. And that’s a completely different game.

Think of it as a filter. A nine-inch bait is physically irrelevant to a six-inch fish. It is too large to swallow and too threatening to approach. The fish that can take it are the fish at the top of the food chain in that water. By choosing big, you are not improving your odds of a bite. You are deleting the small ones from the equation and betting everything on the rare giant.

You’ll get fewer strikes. Fewer. Maybe one in a day. Maybe none.

And that one is the entire reason people do it.

There’s a famous nickname in North American angling for the muskellunge: the fish of ten thousand casts. A predator that long and that powerful, often hunted with lures a foot long, can take thousands of casts to produce a single follow. People drive for hours, throw heavy baits until their shoulders ache, and call a good day “two follows and a boat-side look.”

If that sounds irrational, hold on. It gets more irrational. It also gets more beautiful.

Japan’s big-bait culture, centered around legendary water like Lake Biwa, has turned giant swimbaits and hand-carved wooden lures into a miniature art movement. Lures are carved, sealed, weighted and tuned by hand, and the best ones become collector pieces that change hands at prices that would embarrass a watch dealer.

And the reward is real. In 2009, in Lake Biwa, Manabu Kurita landed a largemouth bass of 22 pounds 5 ounces, which tied the all-tackle world record set by George Perry in 1932 in Georgia at 22 pounds 4 ounces. Perry’s fish came on a wooden lure and, reportedly, ended up feeding his neighbors. A record that lasted nearly eighty years, almost matched by a single fish, in a country where bass are not even native.

An aside, since people always ask: yes, bass in Japan are an introduced species, and they spread into one of the most intensely pressured fisheries on the planet. And still they produced a monster. That is the lesson. Pressure educates fish, but it does not eliminate the outliers.

Which brings up the other side of the paradox.

Fish learn.

Researchers have observed since at least the 1970s that fish which have been hooked can become wary of lures for long stretches afterward. Heavily fished lakes breed what anglers call educated fish: animals that’ve seen every spinner, every crankbait, every rubber worm on the market and have quietly learned to ignore them.

That’s why giant, strange, unfamiliar baits keep appearing in tackle shops. Novelty is a weapon. The thing the fish has never seen before is the thing it hasn’t learned to refuse.

PART 5. THE RIG IS THE REAL ENGINEERING

Everyone looks at the lure. The experts look at everything behind it.

A big fish on a bait is a physics problem, and every component in the chain is a place the system can fail. Let me walk you through the chain, link by link, because this is where the pros separate from the people who post “it got away” captions.

LINK ONE: The line.

Braided line has almost no stretch. Every twitch you make at the rod tip arrives at the lure intact, and every surge from the fish arrives in your hand without delay. Monofilament can stretch by a large fraction of its length, which absorbs shock but dulls feel and weakens hook sets at distance. Fluorocarbon sits in the middle and is nearly invisible underwater.

Trade-off, always: sensitivity versus shock absorption.

LINK TWO: The knot.

The line is rarely the weakest point. The knot is. A poor knot can cut line strength in half, and the break happens exactly when the fish makes its first hard run. This is why experienced anglers will retie after a snag, after a fight, or just because the line looks scuffed. Knots are where fish are won and lost, and nobody posts about knots.

LINK THREE: The leader.

Big predators have teeth, gill plates like razors, and mouths like sandpaper. A leader of heavier, abrasion-resistant material between the main line and the lure acts as armor. A fish that can’t cut through the leader can’t cut you off.

LINK FOUR: The drag.

This is the part that sounds like a cheat code. A modern spinning reel has a drag system, a stack of friction washers that lets line slip out under pressure. Set it right and the fish can pull as hard as it likes without ever exceeding the line’s breaking strength. The classic rule of thumb is to set it to about a quarter to a third of the line’s rated strength, then adjust for the fish, the knot and the day.

It is, in the most literal sense, a pressure valve for violence.

LINK FIVE: The rod.

Look at how a rod bends and you’ll see engineering at work. A rod is a spring that stores energy and spreads load. The deeper the bend, the more of the rod’s length is doing work, and the less any single point on the line has to absorb. A fast-action rod bends mostly in the tip and snaps hooks home. A slower, more parabolic rod bends deep into the blank, cushioning the fish’s headshakes and keeping the hooks pinned.

When you see a rod curl into a hoop under a fish, that curve is not drama. It is load distribution. That arc is a beautiful, accidental diagram of why the line didn’t break.

LINK SIX: You.

The most overlooked component. Your wrist, your forearm, your footwork, your patience, your ability not to panic. Elite anglers describe the fight as a conversation: give line when the fish surges, take line when it tires, never lock up against a run, never go slack during a jump. The human is the final shock absorber.

Seven links in the chain, if you count the hook. Break any one of them and the whole thing fails.

That’s engineering you can do on a Saturday morning with a coffee in your other hand.

PART 6. THE FIGHT: WHAT’S HAPPENING INSIDE THE ANIMAL

When a big fish feels the hook, its body does something extraordinary and something terrible at the same time.

First: the adrenaline surge. Heart rate spikes, blood is redirected to the swimming muscles, and the fish launches into the most explosive effort it can produce. These first seconds are pure anaerobic power: fast-twitch muscle burning stored fuel without waiting for oxygen.

That burst is why the first run is the scariest. It’s also why it ends. Anaerobic effort leaves a chemical bill, and the fish pays it in lactic acid, the same byproduct that makes your legs scream on a sprint. The longer the fight, the deeper the fish goes into oxygen debt.

Then comes the headshake: a violent whipping of the head meant to throw the hook. It transmits shock straight down the line. Then the jump, in species that jump, which is the fish’s best attempt to hurl the lure out of its mouth using air and gravity. Anglers lower the rod tip and bow to a leaping fish for a reason: it removes the leverage the animal is trying to use against the hook.

Every move the fish makes has an answer. Every answer the angler makes has a counter. The fight is a negotiation in which both sides are improvising, both sides are exhausted, and only one side has a plan.

And then a quiet moment, the one nobody can describe: the fish stops. The line goes soft. You don’t know yet if it’s tired or loose.

That is the longest second in fishing.

PART 7. THE SLOT MACHINE THAT LIVES IN A LAKE

Now let’s talk about why this is so hard to look away from.

In the 1950s, psychologist B.F. Skinner found that the most compulsive behavior doesn’t come from rewards that arrive every time. It comes from rewards that arrive unpredictably. This is called a variable-ratio schedule, and it’s the engine inside every slot machine ever built.

Fishing is a variable-ratio schedule with a view.

You cast. Nothing. You cast. Nothing. You cast. Nothing. And then, once, without warning, the world explodes. You can’t predict which cast. You can’t schedule it. And that uncertainty is exactly what keeps the loop running.

Neuroscience adds a twist. In the 1990s, Wolfram Schultz and colleagues recorded dopamine neurons in monkeys and found something that rewired how we think about reward: dopamine doesn’t just fire when you get the prize. It fires hardest in anticipation of the prize, and the signal is strongest when the outcome is uncertain.

Translation: the pull of fishing is not the fish. The pull is the next cast.

The tension of the moment before. The ripple. The shadow. The twitch on the line. The instant of “maybe.” Your brain lights up in a way no guaranteed reward ever can.

Now stack a second psychological lever on top: scale.

A big bait doesn’t just promise a fish. It promises the fish. It rewrites the odds into a story where a single strike changes the day, the year, the legend you tell for the next twenty years. Humans are wired to overweight rare, spectacular outcomes. It’s the same wiring that sells lottery tickets and produces entire literary genres about whales.

Add a third lever: control without certainty. You choose the lure, the water, the retrieve, the depth, the pause. You have real skill and real agency. But the fish gets a vote. Skill that doesn’t guarantee a result is the most engaging structure psychology knows.

And a fourth: presence. A cast demands total attention. The line, the light, the wind, the water, the tiny change in resistance in your fingertips. For many people it’s the only hour of the week with no phone in it. Psychologists call it flow, and the outdoors makes it nearly free.

That’s the secret. Fishing isn’t about fish. Fishing is a perfect machine for producing hope.

PART 8. THE ECONOMY OF OBSESSION

Zoom out and the scale of this is almost comical.

In the United States alone, tens of millions of people fish every year. Globally, estimates of recreational anglers run into the hundreds of millions. Recreational fishing is one of the largest participation outdoor activities on Earth, and it supports a vast tackle industry, a guide economy, a boat market and entire towns whose summer revenue depends on a lake.

Inside that world, there’s a subculture that treats lures as art.

Hand-carved wooden baits. Weighted tails tuned to the gram. Jointed bodies that swim in precise S-curves. Paint jobs with layered scales, airbrushed gills and hand-painted eyes. Some collectors trade rare lures the way others trade sneakers or vintage watches, and the tackle industry sells an endless supply of “the one that finally works.”

Underneath the consumerism is something stranger: a very old human instinct. Making a tool to fool an animal is one of the oldest forms of engineering we have. Fishhooks carved from bone and shell are among the earliest human artifacts, tens of thousands of years old. We have been building counterfeits for the water for as long as we have been building anything.

The only thing that has changed is the finish.

PART 9. THE PART OF THE STORY WORTH TELLING HONESTLY

Any post that celebrates the thrill and ignores the animal is incomplete.

Fish are living creatures, and the science of how they experience pain and stress is still argued. What isn’t argued is that rough handling, long fights and warm water measurably reduce survival after release. So the best anglers I know treat release as part of the skill, not an afterthought.

The short version of good practice:

Use tackle strong enough to end the fight quickly. A fish played to total exhaustion has a worse chance than one landed fast.

Wet your hands before touching it. Dry skin strips protective slime.

Keep it in the water as much as possible. Every second in air is oxygen debt.

Support the body horizontally. Don’t hang a heavy fish by the jaw.

Crush barbs or use barbless hooks when the species and the fishery allow it. Hooks come out cleaner and faster.

Take the photo in ten seconds, not sixty. The trophy is the memory.

Know your local regulations, size limits and seasons. They exist because ecosystems are not infinite.

And one more. Never forget that the animal on the end of your line is the product of years, sometimes decades, of survival. A fish of that size is older than it looks. Respecting it isn’t sentimentality. It is the only reason there’ll be another one to chase.

PART 10. THE PLAYBOOK: EVERYTHING I’D TELL A BEGINNER

If you take one thing from this post, take this section.

Match the bait to the target. Want numbers? Go small. Want a monster? Go big, and accept the silence between bites.

Fish the conditions, not the calendar. Warm water speeds up predator metabolism, and in many species that means aggressive, willing fish. Cold, slow water calls for slower baits and more patience.

Fish the edges. Predators ambush. They sit beside structure, in shade, near weed lines, on the border between light and dark, because ambush is cheaper than chase.

Vary your retrieve. Fast, slow, pause, twitch. A pause is often when the strike comes, because the “injured prey” finally stops running.

Use stronger gear than you think you need. Light gear on a big fish is a countdown.

Check your line and your knots every single outing. Fish are lost at the knot, not at the lure.

Keep your hooks sharp. A dull hook turns a perfect strike into a missed one.

Don’t set the hook on the first feeling. With big, bulky baits, a fish that grabs and moves is not yet hooked. Wait for the weight, then drive the hook home with a strong, sweeping motion, reel down, and keep tension.

Stay quiet. Sound and shadows travel in water. A heavy footstep on the bank is a warning siren to a big fish.

Keep tension, always. A fish that feels slack line will throw the hook. Constant pressure is the whole fight.

Learn to read water. Current seams, depth changes, submerged rock, weed, the places where food gets pushed and where a predator can wait.

Keep a log. Date, temperature, lure, result. Patterns emerge from notebooks, not from memory.

Release thoughtfully. See Part 9.

PART 11. FIVE MYTHS I’M TIRED OF HEARING

MYTH: “Fish are dumb.” Reality: fish are specialists. Their brains are tuned to a world of pressure, vibration, light and motion we can barely imagine, and they learn, remember and avoid.

MYTH: “The biggest lure always catches the biggest fish.” Reality: a big lure filters for big fish. It doesn’t summon them. They still have to be there, hungry, and in the mood.

MYTH: “Expensive gear is what catches fish.” Reality: gear removes failure points. Skill, timing and location are what put you in the right place for a bite.

MYTH: “It’s a lazy hobby.” Reality: ask anyone who has made two thousand casts into a headwind. It’s an endurance sport with an ice-cold audience.

MYTH: “You need a boat.” Reality: some of the best fish of the year are caught from a muddy bank by someone with one rod and a bad attitude about giving up.

PART 12. THE LAST SECRET NOBODY WRITES DOWN

The best anglers I’ve met share one trait, and it has nothing to do with gear.

They are comfortable with failure. Not resigned to it. Comfortable. They’ve made peace with the arithmetic: most casts return nothing, most days return little, and the one that returns everything will arrive on its own schedule.

That mindset is rarer than any rod. Most of life punishes patience and rewards speed. The water does the opposite, and it never apologizes.

So the real lesson hidden inside all the physics and psychology is simple: keep casting. Every strike you will ever get sits on the far side of the casts you almost didn’t make.

PART 13. WHY SOMETHING THIS SMALL FEELS THIS HUGE

Step back and look at the whole picture.

A counterfeit made of plastic and steel. A predator whose entire brain is built around efficiency. A sensor system evolved over hundreds of millions of years, tricked in a tenth of a second. A chain of engineered parts, any one of which can fail. A reward schedule that psychology has been studying for seventy years. And a person standing at the edge of the water, holding a thin rod, waiting for the line to move.

It is one of the cleanest dramas in nature: two intelligences, one human and one not, locked in a contest that neither can fully see.

That is why you can’t look away. Not because of the fish. Because of the tension in the line.

If this post made you want to go outside, then it did its job.

One last thing. Next time you see a fish hauled out of the water, look past the animal and look at the system around it: the line, the knot, the rod, the hook, the person. Every catch is a small machine that worked, in a place where almost everything is built to make it fail. That's the real trophy, and it fits in your hand.

Now tell me, and be honest: what’s the biggest fish you’ve ever lost? I want the one that still keeps you up at night.

If this was worth your time, repost it for the next person who needs a reason to go stand by some water, and follow for more breakdowns of the strange engineering hidden inside ordinary things.

See you at the water.

P.S. The best cast of your life hasn’t happened yet. Go and make it. Right now.

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

May 25

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

May 24

@MagnifiqueTomyrump- King Benjamin the Mendacious confidential talks:
DJT: I have to pull our forces back, midterms looming
Mendacious: I'm going to attack Gaza Lebanon Iran, compel an Iranian retaliation, forcing you to stay right here
DJT: Please don't do that, what's your price?
Mendacious: Gaza Gaza Gaza, I must continue with #GazaGenocide‌, I want the people dead or gone or in #GazaServitude, I want Gaza's gas, Daniella wants beachfront homes for her pious people, Jared and Steve want to sell condos to American Jews as second homes, they're planning a New Florida on the Med
DJT: Okay but we're pulling out, you cope with the Iranians on your own if they attack
Mendacious: We'll see, all your Muslim friends are secretly with us ... the Paks especially... everyone wants a new condo on the Med...and the British and Germans too, and Modi obviously
@POTUS @WhiteHouse @IsraelMFA
@pakpmo @PMOIndia @araghchi @mb_ghalibaf @s_m_marandi @IRIMFA_EN @piersmorgan @TuckerCarlson @RealCandaceO @DougAMacgregor @ProfessorPape @GenFlynn

sebastian usher

@sebusher

6h

Gadi Eisenkot - גדי איזנקוט

@gadi_eisenkot

7h

נתניהו פועל לחבל בבחירות בישראל. זימון המפכ"ל לפגישה ערב בחירות תוך הפרה בוטה של מנהל תקין וסיכון טוהר הבחירות, הוא התערבות מסוכנת שאסור לאפשר.

נתניהו, הסר מיידית כל מעורבות והתערבות, ממערכת הבחירות, שלך ושל אנשיך.
אל תעזו לפגוע בטוהר הבחירות.
נעמוד מול כל ניסיון פסול כזה כחומה בצורה.
רק ישר! גדולה בהרבה מהליכוד, תייצר לגיטימציה מלאה ומוחלטת להצלת ישראל והחלפת נתניהו.

אני פונה לכל משרתי הציבור המסורים: אנחנו בשבוע גורלי. הנאמנות שלכם היא לממלכה, לא למלך. בימים הקרובים ינסו לאתגר אתכם ולבחון את הגבולות המקצועיים והערכיים שלכם.
עמדו חזק ואיתן. זה בנפשנו.

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

7h

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

Apr 27

If @potus @WhiteHouse @jdvance finally goes for #IsraelRegimeChange as I've said since 5 Oct 2025, the 82nd Airborne and Marines are already in place to depose the junta
Netanyahu Israel Katz Gideon Sa'ar Smotrich
Ben Gvir plus Daniella Weiss and @KnessetENG Speaker Amir Ohana and Herzog

replace it with a

CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEE to write a Constitution for the first time for the Ben Gurion State known as Israel

as General MacArthur compelled 🇯🇵 to do in 1946
ndl.go.jp/modern/e/cha5/…

which is also the Interim Government of 🇮🇱
Chair: Tzipi Livni
Bennett
Eizenkot
Lapid
Lieberman
Yair Golan

"Frustrated by the slow progress and conservative nature of the drafts produced by the Japanese government’s own committee (the Matsumoto Committee), MacArthur ordered his staff to create a "model constitution" in just over a week.
The primary individuals involved in the drafting process included:
Brigadier General Courtney Whitney: The chief of the Government Section who oversaw the project and presented the final American draft to the Japanese government.
Lieutenant Colonel Charles L. Kades: The deputy chief of the Government Section and the principal drafter who led the steering committee.
Lieutenant Colonel Milo Rowell: A key military lawyer and staffer who authored many of the document's provisions.
Beate Sirota Gordon: A 22-year-old civilian staffer who was fluent in Japanese; she is credited with drafting the essential clauses on women's rights and gender equality.
MacArthur provided these drafters with three specific points, known as the MacArthur Notes, which required that the Emperor be a figurehead, war be renounced as a sovereign right (Article 9), and the feudal system be abolished"

In the 🇮🇱 case, @realDonaldTrump becomes a world hero instantly by #FREEPALESTİNE
"freeing the many thousands whom the junta abuses and wants to hang,
forcing a withdrawal from Hebron Gaza Jenin etc, Jerusalem a free and international city"
and he wins back MAGA too
x.com/subyroy/status…
@SecRubio @GovMikeHuckabee

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

6h

Dr Subroto Roy

@subyroy

7h

#IsraelRegimeChange by @POTUS I said.... depose the @netanyahu junta, replace it with

"a CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEE to write a Constitution for the first time for the Ben Gurion State known as Israel

as General MacArthur compelled 🇯🇵 to do in 1946

which is also the Interim Government of 🇮🇱
Chair: Tzipi Livni
Bennett
Eizenkot
Lapid
Lieberman
Yair Golan"

Kurdistan Watch

@KurdistanWatch

5h

Kurdistan Watch

@KurdistanWatch

18h

Muna Sami, a well-connected Iraqi journalist, claims that more than 300 tankers carrying KRG oil are stranded at the Turkish border after Turkey blocked their entry following an agreement with Iraqi Prime Minister al-Zaidi “to halt purchases of smuggled Iraqi oil from the confirmed, this would be significant, as much of the oil originates from the Lanaz refinery, which is 51% owned by Mansour Barzani, Masoud Barzani’s second son and commander of the KDP’s special forces, and 49% by Turkish investors. A substantial share of the refinery’s petroleum products has been exported to Turkey.