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I had no traction, no users, and no funding. Actually, I had no company nor immediate plans to start one. And yet I was accepted to one of the most prestigious entrepreneurship programs in the world.

Here’s how I became one of the first Thiel Fellows.
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There's a trap in the lowly time.Now() function.
On New Year's Day 2017, it brought down parts of Cloudflare's DNS.
What does that have to do with the secret of fast programming?
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Write a loop that counts the 1 bits in a number.
The Clang compiler throws your loop away and swaps in the chip's own bit-counting instruction.

How did it know what your loop does?
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An ex-Googler built a Protocol Buffers replacement that's "infinity times faster."
The trick is one you can basically only do in C.

Most think C survives because it's fast.
What's the real reason?
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Jimmy Koppel retweeted
PHP2Shell の解説でいちばんわかりやすかった😊
PHP2Shell explained

One ordinary HTTP request could run an attacker's code on a PHP server.
The bug hid in PHP for nearly 15 years, under most of the web.

How does an ordinary request take over a server?
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PHP2Shell explained

One ordinary HTTP request could run an attacker's code on a PHP server.
The bug hid in PHP for nearly 15 years, under most of the web.

How does an ordinary request take over a server?
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Visited my hometown, met a former Space Shuttle engineer. Talked about driverless cars, and he told me we would never get to Level 5 autonomy. Wasn't phased that I had ridden in one to the airport.

Distance between SF and the rest of the world is unbelievable
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The most popular library in all of software has a deadly trap.
You've probably written lots of code with the same trap.
What is it, and how do you defuse it?
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In 1999, NASA's $300 million Mars Climate Orbiter program was lost due to a type error.

How does a type error destroy a spacecraft?
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The tech lead says this code is a problem.

The engineer says it's fine. It's only ever called right before the benchmark runs.

Same code. Why can't they agree?
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This code has never failed.
Run it all you like, you never see a bug.
It's still wrong.
How?
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There are two ways to write bad tests. Most programmers only know one.

Test too little, and you miss bugs.
But how can a test check too much?
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The worst part is that someone thought posting this would make their reputation go up
We keep improving performance across Claude, and you may have noticed it starts responding sooner!

Claude Code now gzips the conversation it sends on every turn, so it reaches the model faster. Cloud sessions also start up as soon as you start typing.
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An engineer on my team needed one function from a file in another project.
But importing that file would drag in everything else in it too.

What could they do?
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Want to know what a program can do?
Don't look at what it does.

You can tell what a kitchen can make without reading a single recipe.
So what do you look at?
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Here's a paradox: why are more senior engineers willing to leave more code messy? Is there a deeper wisdom?
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You are using software right now that has a flaw that will never be fixed

In the early '90s, the people writing the HTTP standard misspelled "referrer".

Now your browser still sends that typo almost every time you visit a web page.

Not even an AI can fix it. Come learn why.
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Moving messy code into its own function makes it look cleaner.

But is that actually refactoring?
Or just boxing?
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In college, my top 4 interests were ML, ML, ML, and ML

* Machine Learning -- teaching computers to learn
* Machine Language -- reverse eng and game modding
* Meta Language -- OCaml, SML, and functional programming
* Meta-Learning -- teaching myself to learn

Seems I had a type.
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Imagine a microwave that checks you didn't type a negative number. Or that it isn't causing a nuclear reaction.

Absurd, right? Yet a lot of code does something morally similar.

Why checking errors is bad
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The junior said two days. It took a month.
The senior said two weeks. It took two weeks.
The ninja said an hour. It took an hour.
How?

Music: "Ishikari Lore" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com), CC BY 4.0
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